This unique book covers the most common materials analysis techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and reflectivity, auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and several optical characterization methods. It stands as a quick reference for experienced users, as a learning tool for students, and as a guide for the understanding of typical data interpretation for anyone looking at results from a range of analytical techniques. The book includes analytical methods covering microstructural, surface, morphological, and optical characterization of materials with emphasis on microscopic structural, electronic, biological, and mechanical properties. Many examples in this volume cover cutting-edge technologies such as nanomaterials and life sciences.