This monograph focuses on the recent development of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for pollution measurement and their control of water, air, and soil. The contents incorporate carbon-based, metal-based, and metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) degradation, disinfection, and other traditional pollutants degradation and removal. The book also offers updated literature for researchers and academicians working in the field of environmental remediation by nanomaterials. Readers will learn about different metal and non-metal-based nanoparticles for environmental remediation. It will be a useful guide for professionals, and post-graduate students involved in material science & engineering, chemical engineering, and environmental nanotechnology research.